Certified Medical-Surgical Registered Nurse Practice Exam

What is the most common cause of pain at an arterial ulcer site?

1. Infection

2. Exudate

3. Ischemia

4. Edema

The correct answer is: Ischemia

The most common cause of pain at an arterial ulcer site is indeed ischemia. Arterial ulcers typically occur due to inadequate blood flow resulting from narrowed or blocked arteries, leading to insufficient oxygen delivery to tissues. This lack of oxygen, or ischemia, can cause significant pain at the ulcer site due to the body’s inability to adequately perfuse the area, which is critical for healing. In cases of arterial ulcers, the pain is often worse with activity and may be relieved with rest, a characteristic known as intermittent claudication. The presence of ischemia can also contribute to other symptoms, such as coolness of the limb and changes in skin color. While infection, exudate, and edema can also contribute to discomfort at an ulcer site, they are not the primary drivers of pain in the context of arterial ulcers. Infection can lead to pain, but it typically presents with additional signs such as increased redness, warmth, and foul odor. Exudate may contribute to discomfort but is more related to the wound healing process rather than the underlying pathology of arterial ulcers. Edema might cause swelling but is not a direct cause of pain originating from ischemic conditions.